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All Wheel Drive: all wheel drive explained, differential, electronic differential lock (EDL), haldex, jeep 4wd systems, low range, proactive AWD, quattro evolutions, safety concerns, terrain response system, testdrive, Torque-vectoring AWD, torque split ratio, torsen, viscous coupling

Brands: 4motion, quattro, super select, xDrive

Videos: Diagonal spin test, electronic differential lock test, quattro vs. xdrive test, Viscous Coupling Test

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Recent changes

Defender -Next

Full-time all wheel drive. Lever-operated manually locking center differential.

Figure: Land Rover Defender transfer case (122KB)
land-rover-defender

Figure: (47KB)
land-rover-defender_x

Do you think this information about Land_Rover Defender - is incorrect? Please send us what you know to or leave a comment below.

Discovery INext

Full-time all wheel drive. Lever-operated manually locking center differential. The chassis are the same as on Defender.

Do you think this information about Land_Rover Discovery I is incorrect? Please send us what you know to or leave a comment below.

Discovery IINext

Full-time all wheel drive. Four-wheel electronic traction control. Active cornering enhancement system. Hill Descent Control (HDC). Full-floating live axles front and rear. Unlike on the MB ML-class - it needs only 1/4 - 1/2 of wheelspin to detect the need of traction control activation.

The linkage between the Hi/Lo and diff lock engagement lever was removed on Discovery II, because the traction control system was supposed to perform the functions of locking differentials and Land Rover believed a real differential lock was not needed. However, eearly Discovery still have the transfer box internals. It is possible to order the linkage and connect the differential lock lever (http://www.discovery2.co.uk/diff_lock.html).

Then differential locking mechanism was removed from the transfer case, but introduced again by the end of Disco II life.

Figure: (89KB)
land-rover-discovery_II

Do you think this information about Land_Rover Discovery Ii is incomplete? Please send us what you know to or leave a comment below.

Discovery IIINext

Full-time all wheel system with lockable center and rear differentials. 50/50 torque split. On vehicles with air suspension - Terrain Response electronically-controlled full-time all wheel system.

To use it, a driver turns a small knob on the center console down between the seats to choose among five usage or surface settings: (1) general mode, for everyday driving, (2) grass/gravel/snow, (3) mud and ruts, (4) sand, (5) rock crawl. For each setting, Terrain Response adjusts the differentials locking ratio, traction control system, hill decent control system, anti-lock system, and suspension height to perform best for each driving condition.

Figure: Terrain Response mode selection knob (top), yellow HDC button, on the left - suspension height adjustment switch, and low gear switch on the right (60KB)
land-rover-discovery-III-terrain-response-switch

Figure: Terrain Response status is displayed on the dashboard (37KB)
land-rover-discovery-III-terrain-response-display

Do you own Land_Rover Discovery Iii? Can you please make a photo of the car's 4x4 transmission, switches, dashboard lights, etc. and send it to ?

Freelander INext

Automatic all wheel drive. Normally a front wheel drive vehicle. Power distribution to the rear via viscous coupling.

Figure: (88KB)
land-rover-freelander

Do you own Land_Rover Freelander I? Can you please make a photo of the car's 4x4 transmission, switches, dashboard lights, etc. and send it to ?

Freelander II 2006-2009Next

Haldex generation III automatic all wheel drive. Normally a front wheel drive vehicle.

Do you think this information about Land_Rover Freelander Ii 2006-2009 is incomplete? Please send us what you know to or leave a comment below.

Freelander II 2009-...Next

Haldex generation IV proactive automatic all wheel drive. Normally a front wheel drive vehicle. Terrain Response system which adjusts engine torque, all wheel drive and traction control systems operation based on the program selected by driver.

Have you seen a better description of Land_Rover Freelander Ii 2009-... on the web? Please send us the link to or post it in a comment below!

Range Rover P38a (1994–2002)Next

Full-time all wheel drive. Four-wheel electronic traction control. Low gear ratio.

Do you own Land_Rover Range Rover P38A (1994–2002)? Can you please make a photo of the car's 4x4 transmission, switches, dashboard lights, etc. and send it to ?

Series I 1948-1954Next

there was a 4wd system without center differential in the beginning, with freewheeling device up front for tire-scrub reduction. From 1950 - dogleg clutch is used to disengage the front axle.

Do you own Land_Rover Series I 1948-1954? Can you please make a photo of the car's 4x4 transmission, switches, dashboard lights, etc. and send it to ?

Series IIITop

Figure: (2066KB)
land-rover-series-iii

Do you think this information about Land_Rover Series Iii is incorrect? Please send us what you know to or leave a comment below.
There are 6 comments
B
November 19, 2016 - 12:27

Can you publish also something about haldex sistem for new evoque and land rover discovery sport? There are 4 modes: road, snow/grass, mud/roots and sand but I don't know whats the difference between force transmission on wheels and diferential lock. Tnx

Hadley Taylor
August 28, 2015 - 04:00

You have shared a great information about discovery 3 auto gearbox problems. Which are very informative for us.Thanks

Mike
October 12, 2014 - 15:30

The Freelander 2 gives permanent 4 wheel drive at all times its 80% front wheels & 20% rear wheels and then if there is an issue the power to the front rear wheels adjusts itself automatically.

lee
July 28, 2013 - 05:40

i have a freelander 1 and its a bleeped trying to perform tight turns as it makes alot of noise, almost like the clicking from a knackered drive shaft UJ, can i disconnect rear drive shaft and leave it disconnected?

Harry
July 12, 2012 - 13:04

HI. The Freelander 2 actually is full time 4wheel drive and has an electronic diff lock which gets activated when DSC is off and the wheels spin for a little bit. Thanks.

Reply to
awdwiki.com
July 13, 2012 - 21:05

Unfortunately we have to disagree with this statement. Can you provide a prooflink?
 
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