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Haldex all wheel drive

Haldex-based all wheel drive systems are automatic all wheel drive systems. Haldex clutch is installed in the rear axle's differential housing and powers rear wheels.

Do you think this information about Haldex All Wheel Drive is incomplete? Please send us what you know to or leave a comment below.

haldex generation I, 1998-2001

Figure: haldex generation 1 (13KB)
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The design of the Haldex LSC gen. I, II, and III is based on a Swedish patent acquired by the Haldex Group.

The unique design of the Haldex LSC comprises three functional parts

  • The hydraulic pump driven by the slip between the axles/wheels.
  • The wet multi-plate clutch
  • The controllable throttle valve with its electronics.

The unit can be viewed as a hydraulic pump in which the housing and an annular piston are connected to one shaft and a piston actuator is connected to the other.

The two shafts are connected via the wet multi-plate clutch pack, normally unloaded and thus transferring no torque between the shafts.

When both shafts are rotating at the same speed, there is no pumping action. When a speed difference occurs, the pumping starts immediately to generate oil flow. It is a piston pump, so there is a virtually instant reaction with no low-speed pumping loss.

The oil flows to a clutch piston, compressing the clutch pack and braking the speed difference between the axles. The oil returns to the reservoir via a controllable valve, which adjusts the oil pressure and the force on the clutch package.

In traction/high slip conditions, a high pressure is delivered: in tight curves (i.e. parking), or at high speeds - a much lower pressure is provided.

Haldex Generation I and II based all wheel drive system is reactive. The coupling activates after a wheelspin is detected. However, the reaction is very quick and just 1/4 of a wheel turn is needed to engage all wheel drive. Electronics is capable of lowering the oil pressure only (when parking, ABS working, the handbrake is pulled, etc.), but cannot pre-tension the clutch.

Under normal driving conditions (driving at the constant speed, no silppage), the torque distribution is 90/10 front to rear. When the clutch is locked, torque is evently distributed between the axles (50/50).

Figure: haldex clutch (63KB)
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Figure: haldex clutch (18KB)
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Figure: haldex coupling generation 1 multi plate clutch (46KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 (74KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 (85KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 (117KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 (83KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 (45KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 (62KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 diagram of the oil pressure system (52KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 ecu mastervalve (31KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 1 skoda octavia (9KB)
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More info: http://audittrs.wordpress.com/2010/12/07/haldex-service-training-self-study-program/

Have you seen a better description of Haldex Generation I, 1998-2001 in a paper magazine? Can you please scan it or take a photo and send it to ?

haldex generation II, 2002-

This second generation of Haldex LSC is still using the mechanical hydraulic pump, but the linear throttle valve has been exchanged for a solenoid controlled proportional throttle valve.

Haldex Generation I and II based all wheel drive system is reactive. The coupling activates after a wheelspin is detected. However, the reaction is very quick and just 1/4 of a wheel turn is needed to engage all wheel drive. Electronics is capable of lowering the oil pressure only (when parking, ABS working, the handbrake is pulled, etc.), but cannot pre-tension the clutch.

Figure: haldex generation 2 (11KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 2 (60KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 2 (90KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 2 (10KB)
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Figure: Cut-away view of a rear differential with Haldex generation 2(?) (62KB)
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Figure: Borg-Warner's Haldex generation 2 (37KB)
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Have you seen a better description of Haldex Generation Ii, 2002- on the web? Please send us the link to or post it in a comment below!

haldex generation III, 2004-

A coupling with pre-tensioning capability of the hydraulic clutch by the means of existing feeder pump (PreX™ solution).

Haldex Generation III, IV, and V based all wheel drive systems are proactive. The electronics can pre-tension the clutch and activate all wheel drive before a wheel slip occurs.

Figure: haldex generation 3 (11KB)
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Figure: Haldex generation 3 (left) and 4 on Ford Kuga (34KB)
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Figure: Borg-Warner's Haldex generation 3 (38KB)
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Have you seen a better description of Haldex Generation Iii, 2004- on the web? Please send us the link to or post it in a comment below!

haldex generation IV, 2008-

The fourth generation does not have the mechanical pump any more. The clutch is activated using the feeder pump.

Haldex Generation III, IV, and V based all wheel drive systems are proactive. The electronics can pre-tension the clutch and activate all wheel drive before a wheel slip occurs.

Figure: haldex generation 4 (11KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 4 (76KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 4 (105KB)
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Figure: Rear differential and Haldex 4 on Audi TT quattro (25KB)
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Figure: Haldex generation 4 on Volkswagen Transporter (61KB)
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Figure: Borg-Warner's Haldex generation 4 (35KB)
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Have you seen a better description of Haldex Generation Iv, 2008- in a paper magazine? Can you please scan it or take a photo and send it to ?

haldex generation V, 2012-

Figure: haldex generation 5 (43KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 5 (48KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 5 (81KB)
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http://www.borgwarner.com/en/Haldex-AWD/products/Pages/Haldex-Gen5.aspx

Haldex Generation III, IV, and V based all wheel drive systems are proactive. The electronics can pre-tension the clutch and activate all wheel drive before a wheel slip occurs.

Do you think this information about Haldex Generation V, 2012- is incorrect? Please send us what you know to or leave a comment below.

haldex XWD (cross wheel drive), 2007-

A combination of two Haldex Couplings, one for the front/rear torque distribution, another for the torque distribution between the rear wheels. First introduced on Saab 9-3 in 2007 with earlier generation Haldex unit then replaced with Generation IV unit in 2008.

Figure: haldex generation 4 xwd (24KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 4 xwd (12KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 4 xwd (77KB)
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Figure: haldex generation 4 xwd (43KB)
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Have you seen a better description of Haldex Xwd (Cross Wheel Drive), 2007- on the web? Please send us the link to or post it in a comment below!

More information

For further information, see the Haldex Web site.

Have you seen a better description of More Information on the web? Please send us the link to or post it in a comment below!

1-15 of 56 Comments
ROBERT GUILD
November 27, 2023 - 08:48

Hi,

I have an old-style model 2019 Ford Kuga 2.0 TDCI Titanium-X 180 BHP AWD - registration number SY69 FWJ. I'm finding impossible as to whether it has a Haldex 4x4 system or whether it is entirely electronic. I'd appreciate your help, or are able to advise of other that can. Ford - including its local dealerships - have been of no help whatsoever.

Thank you in advance.

Robert Guild

Tim Richards
January 22, 2019 - 11:48

Hi!
I was wondering if anyone has a wiring diagram for a Haldex 3 gen. I have a Freelander 2 and I am getting a code P1889 (Plus earth problem or break) despite having changed the pump.

Thanks

Tim

Charles Marlow
August 10, 2017 - 21:12

I have a 2009 Volvo XC60 AWD. With only 78000km , the dash readout tells me that the front wheel drive is disconnected. The Volvo dealer tells me that It will cost approx. 4400 euro to replace the coupling. Is this normal in a Volvo with only 78000 km ? Also does this car come with the Haldex 4th generation?

Barry croughan
June 22, 2017 - 01:47

Why are the Ford kuga with mk 4 haldex units , failing at such an alarming rate? And why isn't ford being told to service them to prevent this happening.thanks.

rick
May 06, 2017 - 19:03

I have a 2017 BMW X1 with a Haldex 5 system...I've been trying to get information from BMW as to the maximum allowable diameter difference between tires (with out compromising either the operation or longevity of the drive train) to no avail. Their technical training course mentions that the "clutch" will not engage 100% if wheel size difference is detected...but it doesn't do that for much of the time since the car is basically FWD with occasional application of torque to the rear wheels..so that doesn't sound ominous. The reason I ask is that traveling to the "hinterlands" I've had tire damage and had to slap on a mismatched tire to get back to where I could obtain a matching tire...the trip could be 100's miles...so it would be nice to know what my limits are in terms of a temporary replacement tire. BMW's temp spare is .4" less in diameter than the 19" road tire they sell the X1 with...so there must be some difference limit allowed.

Ralph
April 14, 2017 - 09:35

If the car actually is a 2012 model VW then the "4motion" AWD system is Haldex Gen V. That's a fact which is very easy to research, folks. 2012 was the model year debuting the "latest" Haldex system (Gen V) which the VW Group went into contract with Haldex (Borg Warner, currently) to supply the AWD systems for VW's all new (at the time) modular platforms.

buzskier
January 24, 2017 - 21:42

I have a 2003 xc70 the mechanic said I needed a front viscous coupling to fix the awd tried a dealer and they said there wasn't one on 2003

Mike
December 06, 2016 - 00:59

Have a 2011 Volvo XC90 AWD.
1. Does it have the Haldex system?
2. If so, can I replace only one tire instead of 4?
Thanks, Mike

Reply to Mike
Tommy
April 04, 2017 - 16:07

Never ever change just one. Only if its same brand size and treadwear

Teo Scout
November 29, 2016 - 16:52

Hello guys,
I have a very simple question that technicians from Skoda could not answer.
I have 2015 Skoda Scout which has 4th generation haldex.
The car has 32mm diference in width between the front and rear axles. As a result my rear bumpers look empty.
Can I use wheel spacers at the rear axis to widen the track?
Will this affect the haldex system?
Regards

Toni B
March 26, 2016 - 17:47

VW Tiguan 2.0 tsi SPORT 2009 4motion have just heard the large bang from rear axle area some time after the tyre pressure warning light came on but tyre pressures are all OK. Suspect a broken drive pinion but not sure where ai.e. on Haldex or to and from rear differential and what effect it has had or would it affect driving until rectified? Anyone offer a suggestion of cause or whether safe to drive as afterwards I did accelerate quite hard uphill and got axle tramp as wheels jumped up and down but still got drive forward.

Eric
February 23, 2016 - 20:32

Volkswagen list two different part numbers for the Haldex unit in their Mk6 Golf. Diesel and Gasoline versions. Is the difference a mechanical hardware difference? Gearing? or a software difference on how the controller handles torque split? Thanks!

vana
January 10, 2016 - 14:56

Hello, there is an important mistake in description of the torque distribution when the Haldex clutch is locked. Torque is NOT distributed between the axles 50/50 ! This equal distribution is charakteristic only for open differential !
Booth fully locked differential and fully locked clutch distribute the torque in completely different way. The ratio varies in a wide range continuously depending on traction forces of wheels.

Guy
December 08, 2015 - 13:43

Hi
A Volvo XC90 AWD - so with Haldex on the rear axle - was checked on a breakbench for 4x2 cars during technical control. During the test there was a sort of bang and the car jumped out of the breakbench. Couple hours later the Haldex leaks oil, structure broken.

My questions,
1° what happens inside the house-structure in normal situations (driving straight out) and in situations like slip or lose of traction. Is there a pressure of the oil inside and if so, how high this is or can be.
2° normaly they should do the test with turning of contact - so turn key off - so no electronic control and no problems. What happens when the test is done without turning off the key or contact, so with electronic control while frontwheels turns in breakbench and the backwheels don't turn. Idem for frontwheels don't turn and the backwheels turns in the breakbench.

Thanks for your effort

Guy

Reply to Guy
ken
January 04, 2016 - 16:58

guy,

the shop doing the test has ruined your ttd, which is the "center differential" in your haldex system.

your car detected massive wheelspin in the front wheels and attempted to lock up the differential to direct torque output to the rear wheels. a massive amount of power was then dissipated in the ttd as the clutch slipped since the rear wheels were unable to move.

shop owes you a new ttd at the least.

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